У статті розглянуті методи проведення місіонерської та культурно-просвітницької діяльності релігійних організацій на Донеччині в умовах сучасних реалій розвитку суспільства. Наведено приклади місіонерських та культурних заходів у Донецькій області.

У статті розроблено науково-методичний підхід до контролю стабільності комунікаційних каналів при управлінні розвитком промислового підприємства, який базується на врахуванні особливостей різних видів внутрішніх та зовнішніх комунікаційних каналів і використання якого дає змогу своєчасно виявляти проблеми в комунікаціях та адаптувати комунікаційні канали до змін у зовнішньому середовищі або до особливостей внутрішніх комунікацій.

У статті викладені особливості харчування англійського пізньосередньовічного бюргерства. На основі аналізу наративних і документальних джерел висвітлено асортимент страв та режим харчування міщан, регламентацію споживання харчів з боку світської та церковної влади. Автор доходить висновку про істотне урізноманітнення раціону харчування англійських бюргерів протягом XIV-XV ст., а також про поступове послаблення впливу релігійних приписів на раціон харчування.

Стаття присвячена особливостям змінам політичного порядку, властивого доцифровій добі, який поступається мережним політичним відносинам, що не «визнають» ієрархії та встановлюють пріоритет горизонтальних політичних контактів. Метою дослідження є інтеграція смислових аспектів політичних комунікацій, політико-інституційної структури та владних відносин у просторі публічної сфери політики. Охарактеризовано значення публічної сфери, яка стає основою для різнорідних явищ демократичної політики. Було підкреслено, що необхідно виявляти сутність і значення публічного повідомлення, також емпіричні засади публічної сфери. Проаналізовано підходи до узагальнення практик обговорень і поступ політико-дискурсивних явищ в суспільстві (...) до нового абстрактного рівня, що призводить до пошуку політичного консенсусу. Розкрито значення спроб розбудови ієрархії важливих і «неважливих» проблем у дослідженні публічної сфери. З’ясовано поняття співвіднесення публічного «політичного визначення світу», яке може змінювати пропорції і втрачати свою збалансованість. Розкрито, що висування окремих професійних груп, як ключових елементів публічної сфери, веде до втрати системності і комплексності сприйняття явища публічної сфери політики. Доведено, що тенденцією є виокремлення емпіричних засад публічності та її проявів, пошуків теоретичного поняття публічності у теоретичному і соціальному світі. Встановлено, що з точки зору фундаментальної дослідної традиції, публічна сфера політики пов’язується із загальносуспільними проблемами, а також із дослідними проблемами сучасної філософії. Припущено, що публічна сфера політики відзначається надзвичайним динамізмом, постійним оновленням, рухом і зміною її складових частин (політичних акторів). Встановлено, що публічна сфера має такі риси, як всезагальність, поширеність на весь соціум. З’ясовано, що публічна сфера політики охоплює як систему, так і її зовнішнє середовище, і взаємовплив між ними. Зроблено висновок, що для сучасної України в умовах війни розбудова значущої та спроможної публічної сфери політики є важливим маркерами демонстрації європейської ідентичності. (shrink)

The article investigates the economic substance of motivation entrepreneurship. The research determined the role of motivation in the activation of entrepreneurship. The article pointed out that motivation is an essential part of business. Motivation is a process that is aimed at encouraging businesses to efficient economic activity, which results in the achievement of the specific economic goals. In general, all business activities related to the satisfaction of social needs. Businessman takes on property risks of economic activity from different motives. The (...) main motivation of business is business profit. Features an internal nature of income from business consists in the fact that he obtained through market exchange made entrepreneur products or services carried out and the result is a better use of economic resources of the entrepreneur in the process of economic exchange. The process of intensification entrepreneurial activity is a complex multi-system functional simulation which through the use of IDEF0-notation provides its formalization and detail. Functional multi-model business processes entrepreneurial revitalization constructed in order to visualize the structure of business processes, show their relationships to assess the optimality of interaction between business - processes and within a single business process. The model takes into account the impact of external factors and coordinated cooperation of the administration, support and promotion of entrepreneurship in the context of the business functions of motivation, coordination of business and most business entities. The paper summarizes, the motivation in entrepreneurship should be considered as an economic process that may regulate to achieve the desired positive economic effect on economic activity entrepreneur. Motivation - a specific set of tools to stimulate and coercion that can influence the cost-effectiveness as part of doing business. (shrink)

The article deals with the self-education of future specialists in the field of culture and art within the context of philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical studies of the postmodern era. This substantiates the need to use e-learning in professional training. The use of cloud computing technologies is one of the educational process’ innovations. As shown by our research and personal experience implementing cloud computing technologies into the educational process proves to be feasible for training future professionals in the field of culture (...) and art, including their self-education. The article shows that the aim of self-education of the future professionals in the field of culture and art is personal and professional perfection, and also achievement, at the maximum possible level, of the creative ideal. Today their professional training is focused on self-perfection, ability to self-educate, skill to foresee the consequences of their professional activity and search for the new ways to solve their professional tasks using ICT. The article justifies that cloud computing technologies allow spreading content in the Internet, they facilitate posting the text messages, photographs, pictures and musical files. Accessibility, openness, interactivity of the cloud computing technologies cause their wide use for both on-line and off-line communication, data sharing of text, multimedia and audio resources for all participants of the educational process that enriches the self-education of future professionals in the field of culture and art and makes it rich in content, practically-oriented and enhances professional competence. The article concludes that e-learning best meets methodological requirements of the postmodern society. (shrink)

The article contains the conceptual vision of socialist realism as one of the key characteristics of art, transformed in the postmodern cultural era. Social realism is a cultural manifestation of the historical development of Soviet republics, including the Ukrainian SSR. The essence of socialist realism is seen as a manifestation of ideology in the Soviet conditions. Besides, the article considers the phenomenon in the context of postmodernism, relying on the findings of various scholars, and describes the interaction between postmodernism and (...) socialist realism. Despite the general view that postmodernism emerged in the United States and Western Europe in the 1960s-1970s, there could be another way this movement evolved in fine art and architecture. The fact that the artists from the post-Soviet space managed to adapt to the global cultural field of postmodernism so swiftly proves that the totalitarian system failed to eliminate the plurality of opinions. A post-Soviet variant of postmodernism was largely defined by the influence of socialist realism. The recently proclaimed era of post-truth that allegedly started after the new millennium produced fascinating political and artistic experiments in the post-Soviet space. Hence, it would be logical to assume that some previously developed mechanisms were activated there. Post-truth as an instrument of politics in that sense resonates with the socialist realism used as an instrument of class struggle. Research methods include description, synthesis and analysis. (shrink)

Spartacus became one of the key figures of Soviet dramaturgy in the 1920s. He was presented as the only ancient predecessor of the Bolsheviks and his theatrical image significantly shaped the later icon of the gladiator as a brave leader of the oppressed masses and a hero acting in the name of the proletariat. This article explores the image of Spartacus in early Soviet theater and mass performance and outlines the correlation between the template of Spartacus’ portrayal, Raffaello Giovagnoli’s novel (...) Spartaco (1874), and the first dramatic adaptations by Vladimir Mazurkevich (1920) and Vladimir Volkenstein (1921). The article examines the use of the ancient hero in Bolshevik propaganda and traces the ways in which Spartacus’ image morphs and maps onto wider shifts of Soviet political and cultural policy in the early decades of the USSR. (shrink)

The article considers the scientific category of “educational neuroscience” as a promising interdisciplinary field of research that studies relationship between education and the sciences of higher nervous activity. The role of theoretical research in the field of neuroscience for creation of modern distance educational technologies is determined. It is established that use of neuroscience in learning process expands and enhances competency characteristics of higher education students in research, diagnostic and professional activities. The problem of obtaining neuroscientific knowledge by higher education (...) students, which will help provide future specialists with a sufficient communicative level of skills in everyday life and work environment, has been brought up to date. Evaluation of large-scale application of the distance learning system in the process of formation of communicative competencies of higher education students is carried out. The main problems that arise in higher education students and teaching staff when working in the distance learning system are analyzed. Possibilities of application of mobile devices and applications in educational process at a distance form of training are considered. The effectiveness of application of information and communication technologies in the process of formation of communicative competencies in higher education students is clarified. The positive and negative impact, advantages and disadvantages of distance learning for both higher education students and the academic teaching staff of higher education establishments, including in the context of neuroscience, have been identified and generalized. (shrink)

The prospects for realistic interpretation of the nature of initial mathematical truths and objects are considered in the article. The arguments of realism, reasons impeding its recognition among philosophers of mathematics as well as the ways to eliminate these reasons are discussed. It is proven that the absence of acceptable ontological interpretation of mathematical realism is the main obstacle to its recognition. This paper explicates the introductory positions of this interpretation and presents a realistic interpretation of the arithmetical component of (...) mathematics. In summary, we should like to note that such constructions, as it is shown to us, ought to bring the direct use not only for the philosophical foundation of mathematics but for mathematics itself. In the justification of the author’s conclusions based on the works of famous mathematicians of the twentieth century, interpreting their findings in a broad historical and philosophical context. To illustrate his point, the author gives examples of arithmetic and geometry - both Euclidean and non-Euclidean. (shrink)

The article deals with the problem of possibilities of implementing the experience of transhumanism into the educational sphere. It is concluded that education, as a culturally creative component of society and human life, not only transfers the experience of the past, but also outlines the orientations of the future, preparing a person for life in a society where intellectual resources and innovations play a decisive role. Its effectiveness is predetermined by the degree to which a person is prepared for changes, (...) effective actions to solve the contradictions of social development. Methodological potential of the experience of transhumanism in educational development has been revealed in this research as the realities of the present form a number of new challenges to education. The concept of transhumanism focuses the educational process upon the need to find and create identical and cultural forms by the human being according to social requests; it points up the worldview-axiological and purposeful foundations of human objective reality. In the educational domain, the methodological possibilities of transhumanism are directed to the discovery of the individual nature of a human being. Educational activity is increasingly focused upon developing learning capacity which is considered as a process of self-knowledge, self-creation, self-building of the environment and a human being. The interaction of a human being and the world implies a state of creative inspiration. (shrink)

The article of Volodymyr Moroz ―Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation - is devoted to the analysis of Catholic Church’s Teaching over the human dignity. Author explores also the process of settling of the principles of common good, subsidiarity and solidarity in the Teaching of Catholic Church. Mentioned principles are investigated in the case of orientation to provide a reverence to transcendent human dignity. Author sums up that all three (...) principles have normative character. That is to say the principles are called to guarantee certain coordination between the social reality and the verities, which were declared by the Social doctrine of the Church. (shrink)

There is probably only one information system in living nature — the macromolecular system including DNA, RNA and protein. Its unity for the genetic and nervous activity can be followed in the storage of information (heredity, memory) and in its processing (recombination and selection of both genetic and mental information). According to the hypothesis of the code of nerve impulses, nucleotide triplets of the nucleus, or more likely amino acids of the surface protein of the impulse generating area of a (...) neuron, generate a limited variety of interspike intervals so that each amino acid corresponds to a certain interspike interval and this particular interval initiates by means of a specific neurotransmitter, the synthesis of the same amino acid (or nucleotide triplet) in the postsynaptic neuron. Thus, a series of impulses produces in the postsynaptic neuron a sequence of amino acids in a form of a polypeptide identical to the polypeptide of the presynaptic neuron. (shrink)

By sanctifying the rights and responsibilities of man as authorized by God, emphasizing the ontological justification for ensuring freedom of choice, the value of each person and its social character, the Catholic Church, including the UGCC, could not but express its position on specific forms of social order. The Second Vatican Council gave a significant incentive for the development of theological thought in this direction and for the implementation of its constructions into public practice. Since the Church is an institution (...) to which, according to the results of sociological research, Ukrainians have been most trusted for many years, and the UGCC is one of the most active Churches in Ukraine, the study of its attitude towards democracy is one of the topical scientific topics. (shrink)

Author analyses the teaching of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church over importance of democratic elections. The principles, which Church proposes as background to participation in elections, are explored.

The theme of the Church's influence on the political life of the state is one that is constantly focused on the attention of the scientific community, the media and its own politics. The current legislation in Ukraine clearly separates the church from the state. However, both the church and the state are important social institutions that can not but influence one another. The official position of the state in the relevant relations is outlined again by the law. Each of the (...) confessions of the country, through democratic freedoms and within them, is able to implement its own concept of relations with the state. Moreover, the positions of even the largest churches in Ukraine here are significantly different and significantly affect the social realities, which determines the relevance of the topic. (shrink)

Kniga pervai︠a︡ (1.) Obshchee uchenie o prave (Kriticheskiĭ analiz obshchepravovykh poni︠a︡tiĭ) --.

This paper introduces a new typology and associated measure of social and environmental mission integration by conceptually framing a feature of hybrid organizations—the degree of integration of their revenue model and social–environmental mission. The SEMI measure is illustrated using a hand-collected sample of 256 North American Certified B Corporations. We explore the heterogeneity of SEMI scores by identifying external-facing correlates and demonstrate non-congruence with Certified B Corporation’s audit results. Overall, our findings advance existing knowledge of these hybrid organizations and how (...) they balance their social–environmental missions with their economic objectives. (shrink)

The functional principles on which the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church (the UGCC) proposed to ground social relations during 1991-2011 are exercised. Principles of the common good, subsidiarity and solidarity are considered. Understanding and practice of usage of these principles are explored. Author demonstrates how he UGCC used the principle of common good as an instrument to examine social reality and society as a complete system. It is investigated why the Church threw off the conception of common good as divisible good for (...) some group of the people and also did not accepted utilitarian conception of common good. Instead of that the UGCC, according to the Social Doctrine of Catholic Church, interprets common good as "the sum total of social conditions which allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily". Author ascertained the way of the UGCC for using the principle of common good to interpreting each social action as directed to sustentation or obstruction of society. The Church's practice of using the principle of subsidiarity to balance the principle's of common good demands is also explicated in the article. Subsidiarity in the Church's Social Teaching is called to approve ground for human autonomy in society and autonomy of smaller social communities concerning larger societies. It is cleared at the same time that the UGCC during 1991-2011 used the principle of subsidiarity with less intensive than the Catholic Social Doctrine of the Church declares. The UGCC applied the principle of solidarity for coordination demands of principles of common good and subsidiarity. Author accented that specific tendency of the UGCC's teaching conserning the Catholic Social Doctrine is to ground the principle of solidarity on a Church's mission to consolidate people in society. Thanks to the principle of solidarity, the Church overcomes boundaries of rational explications and attracts ethical dimention to analysis of concrete social reality. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 109 Heft: 2 Seiten: 1451-1452.

For over a century, Haeckel's Gastraea theory remained a dominant theory to explain the origin of multicellular animals. According to this theory, the animal ancestor was a blastula‐like colony of uniform cells that gradually evolved cell differentiation. Today, however, genes that typically control metazoan development, cell differentiation, cell‐to‐cell adhesion, and cell‐to‐matrix adhesion are found in various unicellular relatives of the Metazoa, which suggests the origin of the genetic programs of cell differentiation and adhesion in the root of the Opisthokonta. Multicellular (...) stages occurring in the complex life cycles of opisthokont protists (mesomycetozoeans and choanoflagellates) never resemble a blastula. Here, we discuss a more realistic scenario of transition to multicellularity through integration of pre‐existing transient cell types into the body of an early metazoon, which possessed a complex life cycle with a differentiated sedentary filter‐feeding trophic stage and a non‐feeding blastula‐like larva, the synzoospore. Choanoflagellates are considered as forms with secondarily simplified life cycles. (shrink)

Building a biobank network in developing countries is essential to foster genomic research and precision medicine for patients’ benefit. However, there are serious barriers to establishing biobanks in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ukraine. Here, we outline key barriers and essential milestones for the successful expansion of biobanks, genomic research and personalised medicine in Ukraine, drawing from the experience of other LMICs. A lack of legal and ethical governance in conjunction with limited awareness about biobanking and community distrust are (...) the principal threats to establishing biobanks. The experiences of LMICs suggest that Ukraine urgently needs national guidelines covering ethical and legal aspects of biospecimen-related research. National guidelines must be consistent with international ethical recommendations for safeguarding participants’ rights, welfare and privacy. Additionally, efforts to educate and engage physicians and patient communities are essential for achieving biobanking goals and benefits for precision medicine and future patients. (shrink)